Socio-economic impact of tuberculosis on patients and family in India.

Rajeswari R.; Balasubramanian,R.; Muniyandi M.; Geetharamani S.; Thresa X.; Venkatesan P.

International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease; 1999; 3; 869-877.          

Objective : To quantify the socio-economic impact of tuberculosis on patients and their families from the costs incurred by patients in rural and urban areas.

Design : An interview schedule prepared from 17 focus group discussions was used to collect socio-economic demographic characteristics, employment, income particulars, expenditure on illness and effects on children from newly detected sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The direct and indirect costs included money spent on diagnosis, drugs, investigations, travel and loss of wages. Total costs were projected for the entire 6 months of treatment.

Results : The study population consisted of 304 patients (government health care 202, non governmental organization 77, private practitioner 25), 120 of whom were females. Mean direct cost was Rs.2052/-, indirect Rs.3934/-, and total cost was Rs.5986/- ($ 171 US). The mean number of work days lost was 83 and mean debts totalled Rs.2079/-. Both rural and urban female patients faced rejection by their families (15%). Eleven per cent of schoolchildren discontinued their studies; an additional 8% took up employment to support their family.

Conclusion : The total costs, and particularly indirect costs due to TB, were relatively high. The average period of loss of wages was 3 months. Care giving activities of female patients decreased significantly, and a fifth of schoolchildren discontinued their studies.

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