A profile of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in children.

Swaminathan, S.; Datta, M.; Radhamani, M.P.; Mathew, S.; Reetha, A.M.; Rajajee, S.; Mathew, R.; Radhakrishnan, A.; Raghu , M.B.

Indian Pediatrics; 2008; 45; 743-747.

Abstract: Objective: To describe the clinical profile of children with bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis.

Study Design: A multicentric study was conducted in three hospitals in Chennai city between July 1995 and December 1997. Children aged 6 months to 12 years with signs and symptoms suggestive of tuberculosis were investigated further. Clinical examination, chest radiograph, tuberculin skin test with 1 TU PPD and, sputum or gastric lavage for mycobacterial smear and culture were done for all and, lymph node biopsy when necessary.

Results: A total of 2652 children were registered and tuberculosis was bacteriologically confirmed in 201. Predominant symptoms were history of an insidious illness (49%), fever and cough (47%), loss of weight (41%) and a visible glandular swelling (49%). Respiratory signs were few and 62% were undernourished. Over half the patients with confirmed TB had normal chest X-ray. Abnormal X-ray findings included parenchymal opacities in 47% and hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy in 26%. The prevalence of isoniazid resistance was 12.6% and MDR TB 4%.

Conclusions: Children with tuberculosis present with fever and cough of insidious onset. Lymphadenopathy is a common feature even in children with pulmonary TB. A significant proportion of children have normal chest X-rays despite positive gastric aspirate cultures. Drug resistance rates in children mirror the pattern seen in adults in this geographic area.

Keywords: Bacteriologic diagnosis, Clinical features, Drug Resistance, M. tuberculosis , Pediatric TB

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