Effect of diabetes mellitus on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tuberculosis treatment.

Alfarisi, O.; Mave, V.; Gaikwad, S.; Sahasradubhe, T.; Ramachandran, G.; Kumar, H.; Gupte, N.; Kulkarni, V.; Deshmukh, S.; Atre, S.; Raskar, S.; Lokhande, R.; Barthwal, M.; Kakrani, A.; Gupta, A.; Golub, J.E.; Dooley, K.E.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 2018; 62(11).

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) are two common diseases with increasing geographic overlap and clinical interactions. The effect of DM and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of anti-TB drugs remains poorly characterized. Newly diagnosed TB patients with and without DM starting ?xed-dose, thrice-weekly treatment underwent sampling for PK assessments (predose and 0.5, 2, and 6 h postdose) during the intensive and continuation phases of treatment. The effect of DM and HbA1c values on the maximum concentration (C max ) of rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide and the association between drug concentrations and microbiologic and clinical outcomes were assessed. Of 243 patients, 101 had DM. Univariate analysis showed signi?cant reductions in the C max of pyrazinamide and isoniazid (but not rifampin) with DM or increasing HbA1c values. After adjusting for age, sex, and weight, DM was associated only with reduced pyrazinamide concentrations (adjusted geometric mean ratio = 0.74, P = 0.03). In adjusted Cox models, female gender (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR] 1.75, P 0.001), a lower smear grade with the Xpert assay (aHR 1.40, P < 0.001) and the pyrazinamide C max (aHR 0.99, P = 0.006) were independent predictors of sputum culture conversion to negative. Higher isoniazid or rifampin concentrations were associated with a faster time to culture conversion in patients with DM only. A pyrazinamide C max above the therapeutic target was associated with higher unfavorable outcomes (treatment failure, relapse, death) (odds ratio = 1.92, P = 0.04). DM and higher HbA1c values increased the risk of not achieving therapeutic targets for pyrazinamide (but not rifampin or isoniazid). Higher pyrazinamide concentrations, though, were associated with worse microbiologic and clinical outcomes. DM status also appeared to in?uence PK-PD relationships for isoniazid and rifampin.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Pharmacodynamics; Pharmacokinetics, Tuberculosis

Back to List of publications / Home